# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins, also known as sanitary pads, are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their construction. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

The primary raw materials used in the production of sanitary napkins include:

– **Absorbent Core**: Typically made from wood pulp or superabsorbent polymers (SAP), this layer is responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid.
– **Top Sheet**: Usually composed of non-woven fabric or perforated film, this layer is in direct contact with the skin and allows for quick absorption of fluid.
– **Back Sheet**: Made from polyethylene or polypropylene, this layer prevents leakage and provides a barrier against moisture.
– **Adhesive**: Used to secure the napkin in place, this component is usually a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the back sheet.
– **Release Paper**: A protective layer that covers the adhesive until the napkin is ready to be used.

## Properties of Raw Materials

Each component of a sanitary napkin has specific properties that contribute to the overall functionality and comfort of the product:

– **Absorbent Core**: High absorbency, quick absorption rate, and good retention capacity are essential properties. SAPs, for instance, can absorb many times their weight in fluid.
– **Top Sheet**: Softness, breathability, and hypoallergenic properties are crucial to prevent skin irritation and ensure comfort.
– **Back Sheet**: Impermeability to liquids, flexibility, and durability are key properties to prevent leaks and maintain the integrity of the napkin.
– **Adhesive**: Strong adhesion to fabric, ease of removal, and non-toxicity are important to ensure the napkin stays in place without causing discomfort or skin irritation.
– **Release Paper**: Easy peel-off capability and non-stick properties are necessary for user convenience.

## Environmental Considerations

With increasing awareness of environmental issues, the choice of raw materials for sanitary napkins is also influenced by their environmental impact. Biodegradable and eco-friendly materials are becoming more popular. For example, some manufacturers are using organic cotton for the top sheet and biodegradable SAPs for the absorbent core.

## Conclusion

The composition and properties of raw materials used in sanitary napkins play a vital role in determining their effectiveness, comfort, and environmental impact. As technology advances, we can expect to see more innovations in the materials used, leading to even better products for consumers. Understanding these components helps in making informed choices and appreciating the science behind everyday hygiene products.